| 20) Takachi R. (2007) | The Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study (JPHC). | 77,891 subjects (35,909 men 41,982 and women) aged 45-74. (Japan) | 5.8 (1995-1998 to 2002) | 3,230? (636 gastric, 598 colorectal, 397 lung, 233 breast, 193 liver, 1,173 other) | Risk of cancer | Grapes | Not significantly associated with risk of total cancer (no data shown). | age, public health center area, BMI, physical activity, smoking, alcohol, energy, screening examination, medication, and daily vitamin supplement use. |
| 19) Cutler GJ. (2008) | The Iowa Women's Health Study. | 34,708 postmenopausal women aged 55-69. (USA) | 1986-2004 | 7,534? | All cancer risk | Raisins/grapes | Stratified by smoking history, intake of raisins/grapes (≥ 1 vs < 1 time/wk) was not associated with risk of all cancers (No data shown). | Age, energy, education, race, BMI, multivitamin use, activity level, and pack years. |